Features of Object Oriented Programming

Any programming language to become as object oriented should follow (satisfy) the following features apart from the Class and Object

1. Abstraction
2. Encapsulation
3. Polymorphism
4. Inheritance

1)Abstraction

• It’s a process of Hiding the Implementation but providing the service
• There are two types of abstraction available:

          1)Data Abstraction
          2)Function Abstraction

2) Encapsulation:

It’s a process Binding the member variable of a class along with member functions

Encapsulation can be implemented with the help of object and also Access modifiers like private, public and protected etc

 3)Polymorphism:

It’s a derived from a Greek word, where poly means many morph means Faces / Behaviors
Same function / operator will show different behavior s when passed different type of values or different number of values.

Types of polymorphism: 

There are two types of polymorphism

1)Static Polymorphism / Compile Time polymorphism / Early Binding

2)Dynamic Polymorphism / Run Time polymorphism / Late Binding

Static polymorphism is achieved using  i) Function Overloading  ii) Operator Overloading

Dynamic polymorphism is achieved by using  i)Function Overriding

4) Inheritance:

• This is a process of creating a new class from already existing class
• In inheritance process existing class is known as Parent / Base class, newly created class is known as  Derived / Child class
• In inheritance process, child class will get all the features of parent / base class
• Main purpose of inheritance is code Re-usability and providing additional functionality / enhancement

Types of Inheritance

1. Single Inheritance
2. Multiple Inheritance
3. Multilevel Inheritance
4. Hybrid Inheritance
5. Hierarchical Inheritance

1.Single Inheritance: Creating a single new class from single base class is known as single Inheritance

 

2.Multiple Inheritance: Creating a new class from two or more base classes is known as Multiple Inheritance

3Multi Level Inheritance: Creating a new class from already derived class is known as Multi Level Inheritance

 

4.Hybrid Inheritance: This is combination of both Multiple and Multi Level Inheritance

 

5.Hierarchical Inheritance:-Creating two or more classes from a single base class is known as Hierarchical inheritance.